400m Training for Young Athletes

Athletics Dec 02, 2021

rfys

The 400m is one of the most competitive sprint events in athletics. The 400m dash is one of track and field's longer sprint events, and it demands athletes to maintain a precise tempo and rhythm in order to achieve maximum speed in one lap. In the  webinar session conducted by James Hillier, Head Coach at the Reliance Foundation Odisha Athletics High Performance Center explains what young athletes in the 14-18 years age group should consider while training for the 400m event.

Watch the full webinar here:

 

The 400m is one of the most competitive sprint events in athletics. The 400m dash is one of track and field's longer sprint events, and it demands athletes to maintain a precise tempo and rhythm in order to achieve maximum speed in one lap. In the  webinar session conducted by James Hillier, Head Coach at the Reliance Foundation Odisha Athletics High Performance Center explains what young athletes in the 14-18 years age group should consider while training for the 400m event.

Athletes in the 400m sprint, run at almost 90% of their maximal speed for one lap. To avoid making this mistake, and in order to enhance their running technique, athletes must learn certain skills to succeed in the sport. Coach James emphasised the following skills:

  • Good basic speed
  • Good height and body weight
  • Relaxed technique
  • Ability to train hard
  • Ability to maintain a good pace
  • Lactic acid tolerance

Based on their skills set, Coach James further discussed the different types of 400m runners being:

  • Strength-based runners
  • Speed based runners
  • Rhythm-based runners

Coach James emphasised that speed remains one of the main priorities in developing 400m runners.

A good 400m Training Programme consists of different levels of training, each with its own set of advantages for athlete development. The following are some of the components and benefits of a 400m training programme:

  • Physical conditioning

This is aimed at good movement, by improving:

  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Proprioception
  • Posture
  • Core & upper body strengthening
  • Event-specific training

This targets effective movement, such as:

  • Acceleration
  • Maximum speed
  • Endurance speed
  • Special endurance
  • Lactic acid tolerance
  • Tactical training

This is aimed at efficient movement, by targeting:

  • Running technique
  • Race management
  • Pace judgement
  • Energy distribution
  • Running on the bends
  • Performance mindset development

This is for performance improvement by:

  • Dealing with pressure
  • Visualisation
  • Confidence
  • Belief
  • Reflection
  • Dealing with failure

Coach James Lso then went on to discuss the Theory of Reversibility. According to this theory, the sequence of training should be:

  • Technique
  • Speed
  • Strength
  • Endurance
  • Flexibility

Technique is a prime factor in speed training. It is vital to develop the right techniques right from the start. Coach James illustrated the importance of techniques with examples. This can then lead to success in the 400m sprints. The ingredients of success discussed in the session are:

  • Speed
  • Specific endurance
  • Energy endurance
  • Focus and execution

Coach James further demonstrated the math behind sprint training with illustrative examples. To sum up the session, following are the general considerations in the 400m training session:

  • For young athletes, speed development should be the primary focus
  • It is essential to develop aerobic endurance in young athletes
  • Move up athletes only when they are ready to compete at the 400m
  • Speed affects endurance
  • Strength affects speed and endurance
  • Mobility affects speed, coordination, and endurance

The session concluded with Coach James answering questions about the topic.

 

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